Background: Long-acting bronchodilator inhalers are widely used with or without inhaled corticosteroids (ICs) by patients with lung diseases. In Israel alone, there are 21 inhalers containing long-acting β2 agonists (LABAs) and/or long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs). Some patients are treated incorrectly with several inhalers of the same pharmacologic group. Methods: Electronic data of LABA and/or LAMA inhalers purchased during a period of 1 year were extracted in one district of Clalit Health Services in Israel. Patients who were treated with two or more inhalers from the same pharmacologic group were compared with patients without duplicate treatment. Inhaler purchases during the 12 months before and after the first duplicate purchase were compared with the purchases by patients without duplication of treatment. New diagnoses were compared to identify possible side effects. Results: Of the 13,528 patients who were treated with LABA and/or LAMA inhalers, 244 (1.8%) purchased at least two different inhalers from the same pharmacologic group. Inhaler purchases were 3.8 times higher in the duplication group during the 12 months before the first duplication. Inhaler purchase increased by 28% in the duplication group compared with a 4.5% increase in the nonduplication group (p < 0.001) during the following year. The risk for duplicated consumption was significantly higher in patients with a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) diagnosis, males, and persons aged between 61 and 80 years. Conclusions: Nearly 2% of the patients treated with long-acting bronchodilators consumed different medications of the same pharmacologic group even when adherence was satisfactory. COPD patients are at higher risk for inhaler duplication. Clinical Trial Registration Number: 0151-20-COM1.
Keywords: COPD; asthma; duplicate prescription; inhaler; long-acting bronchodilator.