A qualitative study of life with a left ventricular assist device as a bridge to transplant: A new normal

Abstract

Objective: To explore the lived experiences of individuals with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) as a bridge to transplant.

Design: A qualitative descriptive study of ten patients in the Midwestern United States between 30 and 60 years, with a device implanted between six and 18 months were interviewed. A semi-structured interview guide was utilized to elicit a detailed account of individuals living with an LVAD. Content analysis with an inductive coding approach was used to analyze the interview transcripts.

Findings: Three major themes, encompassing several sub themes emerged from the data. (1) physical adjustments (reality shock, carrying the batteries, a new routine, showering, and sleep) (2) emotions (decision making, attitude, gratitude, and uncertainty) (3) psychosocial aspects (intimacy adaptations, self-perception, and perception by others) CONCLUSION: The reality of living with a device was 'not normal' but with time it became their new normal. Findings from this study will inform healthcare professionals (HCP) on the lived experience of patients with LVADs. This new knowledge will assist HCPs to engage in realistic discussions with patients contemplating an LVAD implant. Sharing the challenges of patients with LVADs will help future transplant recipients to be better prepared for their new lifestyle.

Keywords: Heart transplant; LVAD; Left ventricular assist device; Qualitative descriptive.