Background: Oral and maxillofacial surgery demands high precision navigation to achieve optimal surgical outcomes. Augmented reality (AR) has been a promising solution for intuitive and accurate guidance, whereas existing systems have room for improvement.
Methods: We propose a high quality and accurate in situ AR navigation system. Enhanced image quality is achieved by deploying eye tracking in lenticular-based autostereoscopic display. Viewpoint tracking and optical tracking are integrated to assure accurate in situ images.
Results: The proposed system can provide in situ AR images in real-time, with a viewing angle of 59.5° × 49.1°, 3D image resolution of 0.35 × 0.21 mm, and image accuracy of 0.99 ± 0.70 mm. A maxillary drilling experiment obtains average position error of 1.12 ± 0.30 mm and localization time of 8.7 ± 3.9 s, significantly better than conventional 2D navigation system.
Conclusions: The proposed system can display high-quality AR images and therefore reduce positioning error and operating time.
Keywords: augmented reality; autostereoscopic display; eye tracking; optical see-through; surgical navigation.
© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.