Effect of vaping on past-year smoking cessation success of Australians in 2019-evidence from a national survey

Abstract

Background and aims: Previous analyses of the effect of e-cigarettes on real world smoking cessation success have mainly been based on surveys undertaken in the United States and United Kingdom, where nicotine e-cigarettes can be readily obtained. In Australia, regulations have made obtaining e-cigarettes containing nicotine difficult. The effectiveness of e-cigarette use as a smoking cessation aid in Australia might therefore be lower than survey-based estimates published to date. This study aimed to estimate the effect of using e-cigarettes for a smoking cessation attempt on past-year smoking cessation success in Australia.

Design: Multivariable logistic regression models for past-year smoking cessation success.

Setting and participants: Respondents to the 2019 wave of Australia's National Drug Strategy Household Survey who made a smoking cessation attempt in the 12 months leading up to the survey.

Measurements: Past-year smoking cessation success was assumed if a smoking cessation attempt resulted in abstinence of more than a month at the time of the survey.

Findings: In 2019, Australians who attempted to quit smoking using e-cigarettes achieved greater success than smokers attempting to quit without e-cigarettes [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.68; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09-2.60]. If people who only tried e-cigarettes once or twice are considered not to have used e-cigarettes, the estimated effect was slightly stronger (aOR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.27-3.10). Also, the estimated odds ratio was higher among vapers who acquired their e-cigarettes from overseas websites (aOR = 2.24; 95% CI = 1.02-4.93).

Conclusions: Use of e-cigarettes for a smoking cessation attempt appears to be associated with greater success among Australians who attempted to quit tobacco in 2019 compared with Australians attempting to quit without e-cigarettes, after adjusting for confounding effects.

Keywords: E-cigarettes; nicotine; population surveys; regulatory environment; smoking cessation; tobacco.