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. 2022 Apr 8;44(1 Suppl 1):e20200452.
doi: 10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2020-0452. eCollection 2021.

COVID-19: The question of genetic diversity and therapeutic intervention approaches

David Livingstone Alves Figueiredo  1   2   3 , João Paulo Bianchi Ximenez  4   3 , Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira Seiva  5   3 , Carolina Panis  6   3 , Rafael Dos Santos Bezerra  7   3 , Adriano Ferrasa  8   3 , Alessandra Lourenço Cecchini  9   3 , Alexandra Ivo de Medeiros  10   3 , Ana Marisa Fusco Almeida  10   3 , Anelisa Ramão  3   11 , Angelica Beate Winter Boldt  10   3 , Carla Fredrichsen Moya  12   3 , Chung Man Chin  13   14   3 , Daniel de Paula  15   3 , Daniel Rech  16   3 , Daniela Fiori Gradia  10   3 , Danielle Malheiros  10   3 , Danielle Venturini  17   3 , Eliandro Reis Tavares  18   3 , Emerson Carraro  19   3 , Enilze Maria de Souza Fonseca Ribeiro  10   3 , Evani Marques Pereira  20   3 , Felipe Francisco Tuon  21   3 , Franciele Aní Caovilla Follador  22   3 , Glaura Scantamburlo Alves Fernandes  23   3 , Hélito Volpato  24   3 , Ilce Mara de Syllos Cólus  23   3 , Jaqueline Carvalho de Oliveira  10   3 , Jean Henrique da Silva Rodrigues  25   3 , Jean Leandro Dos Santos  13   3 , Jeane Eliete Laguila Visentainer  26   3 , Juliana Cristina Brandi  27   3 , Juliana Mara Serpeloni  23   3 , Juliana Sartori Bonini  28   3 , Karen Brajão de Oliveira  29   3 , Karine Fiorentin  30   3 , Léia Carolina Lucio  31   3 , Ligia Carla Faccin-Galhardi  18   3 , Lirane Elize Defante Ferreto  31   3 , Lucy Megumi Yamauchi Lioni  18   5 , Marcia Edilaine Lopes Consolaro  32   3 , Marcelo Ricardo Vicari  33   3 , Marcos Abdo Arbex  34   3 , Marcos Pileggi  33   3 , Maria Angelica Ehara Watanabe  35   3 , Maria Antônia Ramos Costa  36   3 , Maria José S Mendes Giannini  27   3 , Marla Karine Amarante  35   3 , Najeh Maissar Khalil  15   3 , Quirino Alves de Lima Neto  26   3 , Roberto H Herai  37   38   3 , Roberta Losi Guembarovski  23   3 , Rogério N Shinsato  37   38   3 , Rubiana Mara Mainardes  15   3 , Silvana Giuliatti  7   3 , Sueli Fumie Yamada-Ogatta  18   3 , Viviane Knuppel de Quadros Gerber  20   3 , Wander Rogério Pavanelli  39   3 , Weber Claudio da Silva  15   28   3 , Maria Luiza Petzl-Erler  10   3 , Valeria Valente  27   40   3 , Christiane Pienna Soares  27   3 , Luciane Regina Cavalli  30   3 , Wilson Araujo Silva Jr  2   40   41   42   3
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Free PMC article

COVID-19: The question of genetic diversity and therapeutic intervention approaches

David Livingstone Alves Figueiredo et al. Genet Mol Biol. .
Free PMC article

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the largest pandemic in modern history with very high infection rates and considerable mortality. The disease, which emerged in China's Wuhan province, had its first reported case on December 29, 2019, and spread rapidly worldwide. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic and global health emergency. Since the outbreak, efforts to develop COVID-19 vaccines, engineer new drugs, and evaluate existing ones for drug repurposing have been intensively undertaken to find ways to control this pandemic. COVID-19 therapeutic strategies aim to impair molecular pathways involved in the virus entrance and replication or interfere in the patients' overreaction and immunopathology. Moreover, nanotechnology could be an approach to boost the activity of new drugs. Several COVID-19 vaccine candidates have received emergency-use or full authorization in one or more countries, and others are being developed and tested. This review assesses the different strategies currently proposed to control COVID-19 and the issues or limitations imposed on some approaches by the human and viral genetic variability.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1 -
Figure 1 -. Main routes for therapeutic intervention of the COVID-19. The article discusses four approaches that are being used in an attempt to treat patients with severe clinical evolution.
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