Clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates and the probability of maternal transmission

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to measure the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates from infected mothers and to screen disease severity in neonates.

Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study of neonates from SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers, enrolling mothers who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and their neonates. Eleven infants <25 days old presenting with SARS-CoV-2 infection were also included in the study. We recorded clinical symptoms of SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers and their neonates.

Results: One of 126 babies born to SARS-CoV-2-infected mothers was found to be positive (0.79%). The referred positive neonates were either asymptomatic or suffered from symptoms ranging from mild respiratory distress to pneumonia. Most SARS-CoV-2-positive neonates showed neutropenia and lymphocytosis. Most of the SARS-CoV-2-infected mothers (n = 126) were either asymptomatic (46, 36.5%) or showed mild respiratory distress (66, 52.4%). However, pneumonia and severe respiratory distress were reported in 14 (11.1%) of the SARS-CoV-2-infected mothers. There were no deaths of either SARS-CoV-2-infected mothers or neonates.

Conclusion: We conclude that mothers transmitted infection to their neonates at a very low rate. Disease in neonates is usually mild, although some babies have severe disease. SARS-CoV-2 infection in late pregnancy usually leads to mild maternal disease, but severe disease is reported in approximately one-tenth of the infected women.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; maternal infection; neonatal infection.