Skeleto-dental features among a sample of Saudi female children compared to British standards: A cephalometric study

Niger J Clin Pract. 2022 Apr;25(4):454-465. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_1819_21.

Abstract

Aim: This cross-sectional observational retrospective study aimed at assessing the cephalometric skeleto-dental features of class I, II, and III skeletal relationship of Saudi female school children sample and comparing the results to the established British Caucasian cephalometric standards.

Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 205 retrospective lateral cephalometric radiographs of female school children. The age range of the subjects were between 10 and 13 years old with a mean age of 11 ± 1 years. Several cephalometric and constructed points were identified. Angular, linear, and proportional measurements were obtained and analyzed. The skeleto-dental features of class II and class III were compared to class I of this sample and then compared with the established British Caucasian population. Different angular, linear, and proportional variables were investigated. Descriptive statistics and Student's t-test were used for data analysis.

Results: The distribution of the skeletal relationship revealed that 68.3% of the sample showed class I relationship, 16.1% class II, and 15.6% class III. The result indicates significant differences among the different classes. A greater tendency towards class II facial pattern and more convex profile among Saudis were detected in the present study compared to Caucasians. Furthermore, The dento-alveolar relationship results showed more bi-maxillary protrusion among Saudi females compared to the British Caucasians.

Conclusion: The results of the study can serve as a base-line for future investigations in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, the results obtained can also be of great value in distinguishing the various skeleto-dental features in the different skeletal classes among the Saudi females, and in the clinical diagnosis and treatment planning.

Keywords: Caucasians; Saudi female children; cephalometric; classifications; norms; skeleto-dental.

Publication types

  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Cephalometry / methods
  • Child
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Face* / anatomy & histology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Saudi Arabia / epidemiology