Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Apr 4:9:850109.
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.850109. eCollection 2022.

The Association Between Total Protein Intake and All-Cause Mortality in Middle Aged and Older Korean Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease

Yu-Jin Kwon  1 , Hye Sun Lee  2 , Go Eun Park  2 , Hyung-Mi Kim  3 , Jung Joo Lee  4 , Woo Jeong Kim  5 , Ji-Won Lee  6
Affiliations

The Association Between Total Protein Intake and All-Cause Mortality in Middle Aged and Older Korean Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease

Yu-Jin Kwon et al. Front Nutr. .

Abstract

Background and aims: Over the past decades, the optimum protein intake for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been an important, controversial issue. Dietary protein restriction has been commonly recommended for patients with CKD for preserving kidney function. However, evidence of the associations between long-term protein intake and mortality is not consistent in patients with CKD. Therefore, we aimed to examine the associations between total protein intake and all-cause mortality in Korean adults with CKD.

Methods: From three sub-cohorts of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) starting from 2001, total 3,892 participants with eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (CKD stage 3-5) were included in this study. Dietary data were collected using food-frequency questionnaires at baseline. Deaths were followed from 2001 to 2019. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the association between protein intake and all-cause mortality.

Results: During a median follow-up (min-max) of 11.1 years (0.3-15.1), 602 deaths due to all causes of mortality were documented. After adjustment for covariates, higher total protein intake was not associated with all-cause mortality [highest vs. lowest quintile of total protein intake (g/kg/day) and proportion (%) (Q5 vs. Q1), HR = 1.14 (0.75-1.72), and HR = 0.87 (0.67-1.13)] in CKD stage 3-5 patients.

Conclusion: Dietary protein intake was not associated with mortality from all causes in patients with CKD. Further research is needed to establish optimal protein intake levels and examine the impact of the dietary source of protein on various health outcomes and mortality in CKD.

Keywords: Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study; chronic kidney disease; mortality; nutrition; protein intake.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
The density plot of protein intake and Cox proportional hazard spline curve showing the association between protein intake and all-cause mortality.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Kalantar-Zadeh K, Jafar TH, Nitsch D, Neuen BL, Perkovic V. Chronic kidney disease. Lancet. (2021) 398:786–802. 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00519-5 - DOI - PubMed
    1. GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration. Global, regional, and National burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Lancet. (2020) 395:709–33. 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30045-3 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Park JI, Baek H, Jung HH. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Korea: the Korean National health and nutritional examination survey 2011-2013. J Korean Med Sci. (2016) 31:915–23. 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.6.915 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Woo KT, Choong HL, Wong KS, Tan HB, Chan CM. The contribution of chronic kidney disease to the global burden of major noncommunicable diseases. Kidney Int. (2012) 81:1044–5. 10.1038/ki.2012.39 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Wang Y, Chen X, Song Y, Caballero B, Cheskin LJ. Association between obesity and kidney disease: a systematic review and meta–analysis. Kidney Int. (2008) 73:19–33. 10.1038/sj.ki.5002586 - DOI - PubMed