Patient-Derived Tumor Organoids: New Progress and Opportunities to Facilitate Precision Cancer Immunotherapy

Ji Wang; Chao Chen; Lu Wang; Mingjun Xie; Xinyang Ge; Sufan Wu; Yong He; Xiaozhou Mou; Chenyang Ye; Yi Sun

doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.872531

Patient-Derived Tumor Organoids: New Progress and Opportunities to Facilitate Precision Cancer Immunotherapy

Front Oncol. 2022 Apr 5:12:872531. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.872531. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Ji Wang¹, Chao Chen^{2

3

4}, Lu Wang¹, Mingjun Xie^{5

6}, Xinyang Ge⁷, Sufan Wu¹, Yong He^{4

5

6

8}, Xiaozhou Mou¹, Chenyang Ye^{3

4

9}, Yi Sun¹

Affiliations

¹ Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China.
² Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
³ Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
⁴ Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
⁵ State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
⁶ Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
⁷ College of Letters and Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
⁸ Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
⁹ Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.

Abstract

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the field of cancer treatment in recent years. However, not all patients receiving cancer immunotherapy exhibit durable responses, and reliable, high-throughput testing platforms are urgently needed to guide personalized cancer immunotherapy. The ability of patient-derived tumor organoids to recapitulate pivotal features of original cancer tissues makes them useful as a preclinical model for cancer research and precision medicine. Nevertheless, many challenges exist in the translation of tumor organoid research to clinical decision making. Herein we discuss the applications of patient-derived tumor organoid models and the advances and potential of using complex immune-organoid systems as testing platforms to facilitate precision cancer immunotherapy. In addition, we highlight intriguing applications of tumor organoids with novel multi-omics in preclinical cancer research, highlighting genetic editing, proteomics, and liquid biopsy.

Keywords: CRISPR; exosome (vesicle); multi-omics; precision medicine; proteomics; tumor microenvironment (TME); tumor organoid.