p-Chloroamphetamine decreases serotonin and induces apoptosis in granulosa cells and follicular atresia in prepubertal female rats

Abstract

Amphetamine derivatives negatively impact serotonin (5-HT) production, which triggers apoptosis in different tissues, depending on the receptor they bind. 5-HT in the ovary stimulates estradiol secretion, a survival factor of granulosa cells. The effect of amphetamine derivatives on the serotonergic system of the ovary and follicular development is unknown. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of p-chloroamphetamine (pCA), derived from amphetamines, on estradiol production, follicular development, apoptosis of granulosa cells, and serotonin 5-HT₇ receptor (R5-HT₇) expression. Female rats (30 days old) were injected with 10 mg/kg of pCA intraperitoneally and were euthanized 48 or 120 h after treatment. The concentration of 5-HT in the hypothalamus decreased at 48 and 120 h after treatment and in the ovary at 120 h. The serum concentration of estradiol decreased at all times studied. Follicular atresia, TUNEL-positive (apoptotic) granulosa cells and Bax expression were elevated by pCA, but none of these effects was associated with R5-HT₇ expression. These results suggest that pCA induces the dysregulation of the serotonergic system in the hypothalamus and the ovary, negatively impacting estradiol production and follicular development.

Keywords: Apoptosis; Estradiol; Follicular development; Ovary; P-Chloroamphetamine; Serotonin.