Background: balloon cell melanoma represents less than 1% of all histological forms of malignant melanoma and represents a diagnostic challenge for the dermatopathologist.
Methods: in this paper we present our cases of BCM found in our daily practice from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2021, and we conduct a review of the literature relating to this entity in the period from the first description, 1970, to early 2022.
Results: four cases of melanoma balloon cell have been extrapolated from our electronic database, while in the review of the literature we have identified 115 cases of patients with primary and/or metastatic BCM.
Conclusions: we believe that future studies with numerous case series are essential not only to increase the knowledge of the pathophysiology of this neoplasm but also to correctly evaluate the response of BCM patients to new oncological therapies.
Keywords: balloon cell; dermatopathology; differential diagnosis; malignant melanoma.