Efficacy of primary drainage by endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage for unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma

JGH Open. 2022 Apr 12;6(4):251-256. doi: 10.1002/jgh3.12732. eCollection 2022 Apr.

Abstract

Background and aim: Obstructive jaundice induced by pancreatic adenocarcinoma is typically treated with biliary drainage with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-guided biliary drainage (ERCP-BD). Recently, endoscopic ultrasonography-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) was employed as an alternative method after ERCP-BD failed. We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of EUS-BD for primary biliary drainage.

Methods: Between December 2011 and February 2019, at Kawasaki General Medical Center, we retrospectively enrolled 33 patients who had undergone endoscopic biliary drainage with a metal stent, in a first attempt to relieve obstructive jaundice caused by unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We compared the technical and clinical outcomes between ERCP-BD and EUS-BD.

Results: Twenty-three patients underwent ERCP-BD and 10 underwent EUS-BD. Both groups achieved 100% technical success. The clinical success rates were similar between the groups: 91% (21/23 patients) for ERCP-BD and 100% (10/10 patients) for EUS-BD (P = 0.48). Biliary obstruction recurred in 6/23 patients (26%) treated with ERCP-BD and 1/10 patients (10%) treated with EUS-BD (P = 0.40). Other adverse events occurred in 4/23 patients (17%) in the ERCP-BD group and 1/10 patients (10%) in the EUS-BD group (P = 0.99).

Conclusion: We suggest that EUS-BD could be employed for primary biliary drainage in patients with obstructive jaundice caused by unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Keywords: biliary drainage; endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided biliary drainage; metal stent; obstructive jaundice.