In Vitro Immunomodulatory Effects of Inonotus obliquus Extracts on Resting M0 Macrophages and LPS-Induced M1 Macrophages

Dayue Shen; Yating Feng; Xilan Zhang; Jing Liu; Le Gong; Hui Liao; Rongshan Li

doi:10.1155/2022/8251344

In Vitro Immunomodulatory Effects of Inonotus obliquus Extracts on Resting M0 Macrophages and LPS-Induced M1 Macrophages

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Apr 21:2022:8251344. doi: 10.1155/2022/8251344. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Dayue Shen¹, Yating Feng¹, Xilan Zhang¹, Jing Liu¹, Le Gong¹, Hui Liao², Rongshan Li³

Affiliations

¹ School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
² Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital), Taiyuan 030012, China.
³ Department of Nephrology, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital), Taiyuan 030012, China.

Abstract

Background: Inonotus obliquus (Chaga) is a parasitic fungus that is distributed mainly in northeast China. Our literature research showed chaga polysaccharides have bilateral effects on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β levels when they exert antitumor and antidiabetic activities. The current research tried to explore the influence of chaga extracts on inflammatory factors via macrophage polarization which has bilateral immune-regulation not only on healthy tissue homeostasis but also on pathologies.

Methods: Chaga was extracted with 100°C water and precipitated with 80% ethanol. The extracts were studied on RAW264.7 macrophage at resting condition (M0) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated subtype (classic activated macrophage, M1). The IL-1β, TNF-α, nitric oxide (NO) level, and the protein expressions of M1 and alternative activated macrophage (M2) markers including IL-1β, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), mannose receptor (CD206), and arginase (Arg)-1 were compared.

Results: The 100 g extracts contained 13.7 g polysaccharides and 1.9 g polyphenols. Compared with M0, the 50 μg/mL extracts increased NO level (P < 0.05) and decreased CD206 and Arg-1 expression significantly (P < 0.05). The extracts at 100-200 μg/mL increased NO and TNF-α level (P < 0.05), but increased iNOS and IL-1β expression significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with M1, the extracts decreased NO level at 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL and decreased IL-1β and TNF-α level at 100-200 μg/mL significantly (P < 0.05). At 25-200 μg/mL, the extracts significantly increased CD206 and Arg-1 expression and decreased IL-1β and iNOS expression separately (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Our research suggested that the bilateral effects of the chaga extracts on iNOS, IL-1β, and NO level on M0/M1 macrophages might be related with chaga polysaccharides and chaga polyphenols. Some in vivo anticancer and antidiabetic research of purified chaga polysaccharides related to macrophage differentiation should be conducted further.