Fucosylated oligosaccharide Lacto- N-fucopentaose I ameliorates enterovirus 71 infection by inhibiting apoptosis

Xiaoxiang Gao; Yinghui Qiu; Luying Gao; Lizhu Zhang; Xiaoqing Li; Yuanyuan Liu; Chao Zhao

doi:10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100244

Fucosylated oligosaccharide Lacto- N-fucopentaose I ameliorates enterovirus 71 infection by inhibiting apoptosis

Food Chem X. 2022 Feb 4:13:100244. doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100244. eCollection 2022 Mar 30.

Authors

Xiaoxiang Gao¹, Yinghui Qiu¹, Luying Gao², Lizhu Zhang¹, Xiaoqing Li¹, Yuanyuan Liu¹, Chao Zhao^{1

3}

Affiliations

¹ College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
² Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China.
³ Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.

Abstract

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the main cause of hand, foot and mouth disease that results in high rates of severe diseases in small children. Lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNFPI) can inhibit pathogen invasion and regulate intestinal flora. However, whether LNFPI inhibits EV71 infection remains unknown. In this study, we examined the effect and mechanism of LNFPI against EV71. LNFPI reduced capsid protein VP1 to block virus adsorption, inhibited cyclin E transcription and promoted CDK2 expression in EV71-induced human rhabdomyosarcoma cells, thereby causing virus-induced S phase arrest and inhibiting death receptor and mitochondria-induced apoptosis. The effects of LNFPI on apoptosis were further confirmed in Caenorhabditis elegans. The correlation analysis revealed that LNFPI inhibited cell apoptosis by reducing the abundance of Sphingomonas, Stenotrophomonas and Achromatic, which are associated with pro-apoptotic genes in C. elegans, and by increasing the abundance of Micromonospora, which is related to apoptotic inhibition. These findings lead to further recommendations for LNFPI supplementation in infant formula, as it could offer antiviral benefits to formula-fed infants.

Keywords: Cell apoptosis; Cell cycle; Enterovirus 71; Intestinal flora; Lacto-N-fucopentaose I.