Cholinergic amacrine cells in the rabbit retina have been detected by localizing choline acetyltransferase-like immunoreactivity. The characteristic array of normally placed and displaced amacrine cells was detected, as were two major synaptic plexuses in the inner plexiform layer. At the ultrastructural level, the most striking feature was the existence of contacts between the processes of cholinergic amacrine cells. Since this feature has also been detected in chicken and goldfish retina, it needs to be taken into account in any model which seeks to explain how the cholinergic amacrine cells are involved in generating directional selectivity at the ganglion cell level.