The authors demonstrate the reality of post-transfusion malaria, define the plasmodial species involved, and insist on the responsibility of Plasmodium falciparum in the occurrence of major complications. A prophylactic approach is proposed, by researching anti-malarial antibodies in donors at risk. An I. F. A. (Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay) is performed (Falciparum Spot I. F., Bio-Mérieux, Lyon, France). The screening procedure relies heavily on medical history taking, but subsequent results are satisfying; moreover it seems they could be bettered by using specific monoclonal antibodies.