Sustainability assessment of water management at river basin level: Concept, methodology and application

Mojtaba Shafiei; Mahsa Rahmani; Shervan Gharari; Kamran Davary; Leili Abolhassani; Mozhgan Sabet Teimouri; Mohammad Gharesifard

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115201

Sustainability assessment of water management at river basin level: Concept, methodology and application

J Environ Manage. 2022 Aug 15:316:115201. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115201. Epub 2022 May 10.

Authors

Mojtaba Shafiei¹, Mahsa Rahmani², Shervan Gharari³, Kamran Davary², Leili Abolhassani⁴, Mozhgan Sabet Teimouri⁵, Mohammad Gharesifard⁶

Affiliations

¹ Hydroinformatics Department, East Water and Environmental Research Institute (EWERI), Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: moj.shafiei@gmail.com.
² Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
³ Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan, Canmore, Alberta, Canada.
⁴ Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
⁵ Department of Tourism Management and Planning, Institute of Tourism Research, ACECR, Mashhad, Iran.
⁶ Eurocities, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Hydroinformatics and Socio-Technical Innovation, IHE Delft Institute of Water Education, Delft, the Netherlands.

PMID: 35550955
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115201

Abstract

A practical approach for understanding and monitoring the sustainability of a river basin as a complex socio-hydrological system is to co-develop an indicator-based assessment framework with the help of the major stakeholders. This study defines the concept of Sustainability Assessment (SA) in the context of water management at basin level. A step-by-step methodology is proposed and further applied for developing indicator-based SA framework in the complex and overexploited Mashhad Basin in Iran. The methodology is based on a participatory approach that includes forming an expert panel of basin stakeholders, co-creating goals and objectives, identifying and screening indicators, and shaping the final SA framework. We identify 332 potential indicators from existing literature. Using selection criteria and two-round of fuzzy Delphi method, we adapt 25 fit-for-purpose indicators relevant to sustainable water management in Mashhad Basin. Subsequently, a SA framework is developed by categorizing final indicators into four main components (Technical, Environmental, Economic and Social) and ten subcomponents to provide better links and insights of the basin water management practices between different groups of stakeholders. Finally, using a weighting scheme through the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), a sustainability index is constructed by aggregating the indicators. The results indicate that Mashhad Basin is in a critical unsustainable condition with a sustainability index at 0.34 out of 1. Analysis of the relative importance of the adapted indicators shows that the top-four ranked indicators (including water productivity, access to safe drinking water, renewable groundwater dependency and water pollution) have almost 40% contribution to the basin sustainability index. Such indicator-based SA framework can support identification and analysis of major sustainability trade-offs. Additionally, it can provide an effective tool for achieving water-related targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We therefore highly encourage further development of indicator-based SA frameworks in the context of water management at basin level.

Keywords: Co-creation; Fuzzy Delphi; Local stakeholders; Participatory approach; Sustainability index.

MeSH terms

Drinking Water*
Groundwater*
Rivers
Water Pollution
Water Supply

Substances

Drinking Water