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. 2022 Apr 30;27(9):2858.
doi: 10.3390/molecules27092858.

Antioxidant, Hypoglycemic and Molecular Docking Studies of Methanolic Extract, Fractions and Isolated Compounds from Aerial Parts of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf

Affiliations

Antioxidant, Hypoglycemic and Molecular Docking Studies of Methanolic Extract, Fractions and Isolated Compounds from Aerial Parts of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf

Hanlei Wang et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Traditionally, Cymbopogon citratus is used to treat a variety of ailments, including cough, indigestion, fever, and diabetes. The previous chemical and bioactive research on C. citratus mainly focused on its volatile oil. In this study, 20 non-volatile known compounds were isolated from the dried aerial part of C. citratus, and their structures were elucidated by MS, NMR spectroscopy, and comparison with the published spectroscopic data. Among them, 16 compounds were reported for the first time from this plant. The screening results for antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities indicated that compounds caffeic acid (5), 1-O-p-coumaroyl-3-O-caffeoylglycerol (8), 1,3-O-dicaffeoylglycerol (9) and luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (12) had potent antioxidant capacities, with IC50 values from 7.28 to 14.81 μM, 1.70 to 2.15 mol Trolox/mol and 1.31 to 2.42 mol Trolox/mol for DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP, respectively. Meanwhile, compounds 8 and 9 also exhibited significant inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase, with IC50 values of 11.45 ± 1.82 μM and 5.46 ± 0.25 μM, respectively, which were reported for the first time for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The molecular docking result provided a molecular comprehension of the interaction between compounds (8 and 9) and α-glucosidase. The significant antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of compounds 8 and 9 suggested that they could be developed into antidiabetic drugs because of their potential regulatory roles on oxidative stress and digestive enzyme.

Keywords: Cymbopogon citratus; antioxidant; chemical composition; glucose uptake; α-glucosidase.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structures of isolated compounds from C. citratus.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of C. citratus extracts, and compounds 8, 9. (a) Concentration−response relationship for C. citratus extracts. (b) Concentration−response relationship for compounds 8 and 9. Log C is the logarithm of concentration in μg/mL for C. citratus extracts, and in μM for acarbose and compounds 8, 9 (three independent assays performed in duplicate).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Molecular docking pictures of 1-O-p-coumaroyl-3-O-caffeoylglycerol (8) and 1,3-O-dicaffeoylglycerol (9) on α-glucosidase of 3WY1. (a) The surface structure of 3WY1−1,3-O-dicaffeoylglycerol. (b) The binding site structure of 3WY1−1,3-O-dicaffeoylglycerol. (c) The surface structure of 3WY1−1-O-p-coumaroyl-3-O-caffeoylglycerol. (d) The binding site structure of 3WY1−1-O-p-coumaroyl-3-O-caffeoylglycerol.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Glucose uptake and cell viability in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (a) Glucose uptake rates of C. citratus extract and fractions (CME, PE, EtOAc, n-BuOH, and AF). (b) Relative cell viability of C. citratus extract and fractions. (c) Glucose uptake rates of compounds 110 and 1213. (d) Relative cell viability of compounds 110 and 1213. BC, blank control; Ber, berberine (positive control); C, compound; Compounds at 20 μM and berberine at 10 μg/mL; Data are showed as mean ± SD of three independent experiments; * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001 versus blank control.

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