Objective: To assess the impact of duration of antibiotic prophylaxis on incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) after intravesical OnabotulinumtoxinA (BTX) injection.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients with overactive bladder who underwent office BTX injections from 2014 to 2020. UTI incidence within 30 days of BTX was compared between 3 durations of antibiotic prophylaxis: no antibiotic, single day, or multiple day course. Association of UTI with units of BTX, body mass index, history of diabetes, immunosuppression, neurogenic overactive bladder, chronic catheter, or recurrent UTI were investigated.
Results: Two hundred ninety patients and 896 cycles of BTX injections were included: 877 injections (97.7%) were women, with mean age 61.4 years (range 20-96; SD 13.3). No antibiotic prophylaxis was given to 112 (12.5%) patients, 595 (66%) received a single day, and 189 (21%) received a multiple day regimen (3-7 days). Overall incidence of UTI within 30 days was 11.4%. On multivariable logistic regression, use of any antibiotic prophylaxis was associated with a lower incidence of UTI (single odds ratio [OR] 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.19-0.61; P < .001; multiple OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.24-0.92; P = .029), with no difference between single and multiple day regimens (OR 1.38; 95% CI 0.80-2.38; P = .249). History of recurrent UTI (OR 3.77; 95% CI 2.23-6.39; P < .001) and chronic suprapubic catheter (OR 2.88; 95% CI 1.04-7.95; P = .041) were additional predictors.
Conclusion: A multiple day regimen of antibiotic prophylaxis was not more effective than a single day in preventing UTI for intravesical BTX injection. Use of any antibiotic prophylaxis was associated with a significantly lower incidence of UTI compared to no antibiotic.
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