Clinical Manifestations and Surgical Management of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: Beyond the NCCN Guidelines

Ann Surg Oncol. 2022 Sep;29(9):5722-5729. doi: 10.1245/s10434-022-11838-0. Epub 2022 May 21.

Abstract

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is an uncommon peripheral T cell lymphoma arising in response to textured-surface breast implants. Frequently, BIA-ALCL is indolent and typically presents with peri-implant swelling after breast reconstruction or cosmetic augmentation. However, patients can present with an invasive breast or chest wall mass, palpable lymphadenopathy, or metastatic disease. The current literature is limited regarding surgical recommendations for patients with a more aggressive presentation of BIA-ALCL. This report aims to review the various clinical manifestations of BIA-ALCL, including the more advanced and less frequently encountered presentations, with an emphasis on a multidisciplinary approach, with early involvement of a surgical oncologist.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Breast Implantation*
  • Breast Implants* / adverse effects
  • Breast Neoplasms* / etiology
  • Breast Neoplasms* / surgery
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic* / etiology
  • Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic* / therapy
  • Mammaplasty*
  • Neoplasms, Second Primary* / surgery