An appraisal on synthetic and pharmaceutical perspectives of quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide scaffold

Chem Biol Drug Des. 2022 Sep;100(3):346-363. doi: 10.1111/cbdd.14094. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Abstract

Quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxides (QdNOs) exhibit multifaceted biological properties, wherein antimicrobial, anticancer, antitrypanosomal, and anti-inflammatory properties are included. Because of their various activities in clinical practice and research, they have a wide spectrum of uses and possibilities. QdNOs have received a significant amount of attention, and research into their medicinal chemistry is still a part of experimental investigation and analytical studies. In this review, QdNOs are classified depending on their actions, which include antibacterial and anti-mycobacterial, anticancer or antitumor, antimalarial, antifungal, and other activities. In a conclusion, it's important to base the development of novel synthetic techniques and the design of new QdNO derivatives on the most up-to-date knowledge gleaned from recent research. With the summarised structure-activity relationship of fascinating QdNOs, this review aims to provide insights into the developments in the chemistry and biological activity of QdNO derivatives.

Keywords: QdNO; QdNO synthetic reactions; anthelminthic; anti-chagasic agents; anti-mycobacterial; antifungal agents; antimalarial; antitumor; quinoxaline; quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxides.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Oxides*
  • Pharmaceutical Preparations
  • Quinoxalines* / chemistry
  • Quinoxalines* / pharmacology

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Oxides
  • Pharmaceutical Preparations
  • Quinoxalines
  • quindoxin