Background: The most important advance of precision medicine (PM) has been a specific way to define and understand disease. However, PM may fail to be therapeutically effective if diseases are natural kinds.
Objective: To attest adverse consequences of treatments suggested by PM that do not generalize well.
Methods: Conceptual analysis of PM; Epistemology of clinical reasoning; Cases that show diseases as natural kinds to clash with epistemology of PM.
Results: Contemplation of future research options that could clarify the position of PM under the conception of diseases as natural kinds.
Conclusion: Need for improved design of future interventions that better acknowledge problematic epistemology of PM.
Keywords: epistemology; evolution; inductive reasoning; natural kinds; precision medicine.
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