Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of simultaneous double primary gynecological malignant tumors. Methods: A total of 23 patients with simultaneous double primary malignant tumors of female reproductive system primarily treated in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2020 were retrospectively collected. The age, symptoms, tumor stage, tumor type, treatment and prognosis of patients were collected and followed up. Results: (1) The number of patients with gynecological tumors in our hospital increased year by year in the past 11 years. A total of 8 987 patients with gynecological malignant tumors were firstly diagnosed and cured in our hospital, including 3 474 cases of cervical cancer, 3 484 cases of endometrial cancer, 1 329 cases of ovarian malignancies, 171 cases of fallopian tube cancer, 182 cases of uterine sarcoma, 42 cases of vaginal cancer, 192 cases of vulvar cancer, 110 cases of trophoblastic tumor and 3 cases of other gynecological malignancies. The top three cancers were endometrial cancer, cervical cancer and ovarian malignancies. (2) There were 23 patients identified with simultaneous double primary gynecological tumors in the past 11 years, accounting for 0.26% (23/8 987) of female malignant tumors. There were 3 cases of cervical cancer complicated with endometrial cancer, 3 cases of cervical cancer complicated with ovarian cancer, 16 cases of endometrial cancer combined with ovarian cancer, and 1 patient with endometrial cancer combined with fallopian tube cancer. (3) All 23 patients underwent surgical treatment. According to the first diagnosis of the tumor, the surgical methods included cervical cancer radical surgery, endometrial cancer staging surgery and ovarian cancer cytoreductive surgery. After operation, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were supplemented according to the results of pathological examination and tumor staging. (4) The age of 23 patients ranged from 28 to 66 years, with an average age of (49.4±9.7) years. All patients had vaginal bleeding or conscious pelvic mass as their main clinical manifestation. The clinical stage was found in 7 patients (30%, 7/23) with advanced gynecological cancer (stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ), and 16 patients (70%, 16/23) with early stage gynecological cancer (stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ). According to the nonspecific tumor markers, 13 patients (57%, 13/23) had elevated CA125 and CA199. (5) Among the 23 patients, 1 case was uncontrolled and 3 cases recurred during the follow-up period, and the sites of uncontrolled or recurred were all located in the abdominopelvic cavity. Three cases died. Among the 3 patients who died, 1 patient was an uncontrolled patient, whose tumor type was cervical adenosquamous cell carcinoma combined with ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma. The overall survival time was 19 months with postoperative supplementary radiotherapy and chemotherapy. There were 2 recurrent patients, and the tumor types were endometrioid carcinoma complicated with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma and ovarian endometrioid carcinoma, respectively. After surgery, all patients received supplementary chemotherapy and recurred 60 and 21 months after surgery, respectively, and the overall survival time was 78 and 28 months, respectively. Another patient recurred 43 months after surgery, and survived with tumor for 14 months after recurrence. The remaining 19 patients were tumor-free and were still being followed up. Conclusions: There are no specific markers for simultaneous double primary gynecological malignant tumors. The most common clinical symptoms are vaginal bleeding or pelvic mass. The treatment principle of simultaneous double primary gynecological malignant tumor is the same as that of single gynecological malignant tumor, but need to be taken into account the characteristics of two tumors. Surgery is the main treatment method, and radiotherapy and chemotherapy play an important auxiliary role. The prognosis of simultaneous double primary gynecological malignancies is related to the late stage of the two malignancies.
目的： 探讨同时性双原发性妇科恶性肿瘤的临床病理特征、诊治方法及预后。 方法： 本研究为回顾性研究。收集2010年1月1日—2020年12月31日11年间在首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院进行初次治疗的妇科恶性肿瘤患者共8 987例，其中明确诊断为同时性双原发性妇科恶性肿瘤患者共23例，查阅23例患者的电子病历并记录其年龄、临床表现、肿瘤分期、肿瘤类型、治疗方法和预后等临床病理资料；23例患者均随访至2021年12月31日或死亡时间，记录复发及死亡情况。 结果： （1）2010—2020年11年间收治的妇科恶性肿瘤患者呈增多趋势。8 987例妇科恶性肿瘤患者中，子宫颈癌3 474例、子宫内膜癌3 484例、卵巢恶性肿瘤1 329例、输卵管癌171例、子宫肉瘤182例、阴道癌42例、外阴癌192例、滋养细胞肿瘤110例、其他妇科恶性肿瘤3例，排名前3位的依次为子宫内膜癌、子宫颈癌和卵巢恶性肿瘤。（2）8 987例妇科恶性肿瘤患者中，同时性双原发性妇科恶性肿瘤患者23例，占所有妇科恶性肿瘤的0.26%（23/8 987）。其中，子宫颈癌合并子宫内膜癌3例，子宫颈癌合并卵巢恶性肿瘤3例，子宫内膜癌合并卵巢恶性肿瘤16例，子宫内膜癌合并输卵管癌1例。（3）23例患者均进行手术治疗，根据首诊肿瘤情况，手术方式包括子宫颈癌根治性手术、子宫内膜癌分期手术及卵巢上皮性癌肿瘤细胞减灭术等，术后根据病理检查结果及肿瘤分期辅助放、化疗。（4）23例同时性双原发性妇科恶性肿瘤患者的年龄为（49.4±9.7）岁（范围：28~66岁）；主要症状为阴道流血、盆腔肿物；肿瘤分期为早期（Ⅰ~Ⅱ期）16例（70%，16/23），晚期（Ⅲ~Ⅳ期）7例（30%，7/23）；血清肿瘤标志物检测无特异性，13例（57%，13/23）患者出现血清癌抗原125（CA125）和癌抗原199（CA199）水平升高。（5）23例患者中，随访期内未控1例、复发3例，未控或复发部位均位于盆腹腔；死亡3例。3例死亡患者中，1例为未控患者，肿瘤类型为子宫颈腺鳞癌合并卵巢透明细胞腺癌，术后辅助放化疗，总生存时间19个月；2例为复发患者，肿瘤类型为子宫内膜样癌合并卵巢高级别浆液性癌、卵巢子宫内膜样癌各1例，术后均辅助化疗，分别于术后60、21个月复发，总生存时间分别为78、28个月。另1例患者于术后43个月复发，复发后带瘤生存已14个月。其余19例患者均无瘤生存，目前仍在随访中。 结论： 同时性双原发性妇科恶性肿瘤尚无特异性血清学标志物，常见症状为阴道流血、盆腔肿物；其治疗与单发妇科恶性肿瘤的治疗原则相同，但需要兼顾两种肿瘤的特质，手术是主要的治疗方式，放、化疗均起到重要辅助作用；同时性双原发性妇科恶性肿瘤的预后与两种恶性肿瘤中分期较晚者有关。.