In vivo intrinsic atomic interaction infer molecular eco-toxicity of industrial TiO2 nanoparticles via oxidative stress channelized steatosis and apoptosis in Paramecium caudatum

Swabhiman Mohanty; Paritosh Patel; Ealisha Jha; Pritam Kumar Panda; Puja Kumari; Sonal Singh; Adrija Sinha; Ashish Kumar Saha; Nagendra Kumar Kaushik; Vishakha Raina; Suresh K Verma; Mrutyunjay Suar

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113708

In vivo intrinsic atomic interaction infer molecular eco-toxicity of industrial TiO₂ nanoparticles via oxidative stress channelized steatosis and apoptosis in Paramecium caudatum

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022 Aug:241:113708. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113708. Epub 2022 Jun 3.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India.
² School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India; Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897 Seoul, South Korea.
³ School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India; Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: pritam.panda@physics.uu.se.
⁴ RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 60300, Czech Republic; Advanced Science and Technology Research Centre, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribagh 825301, Jharkhand, India.
⁵ Advanced Science and Technology Research Centre, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribagh 825301, Jharkhand, India.
⁶ Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897 Seoul, South Korea.
⁷ School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India; Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: sureshverma22@gmail.com.
⁸ School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India. Electronic address: msuar@kiitbiotech.ac.in.

PMID: 35667312
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113708

Abstract

The ecotoxicological effect of after-usage released TiO₂ nanoparticles in aquatic resources has been a major concern owing to their production and utilization in different applications. Addressing the issue, this study investigates the detailed in vivo molecular toxicity of TiO₂ nanoparticles with Paramecium caudatum. TiO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized at a lab scale using high energy ball milling technique; characterized for their physicochemical properties and investigated for their ecotoxicological impact on oxidative stress, steatosis, and apoptosis of cells through different biochemical analysis, flow cytometry, and fluorescent microscopy. TiO₂ nanoparticles; TiO₂ (N15); of size 36 ± 12 nm were synthesized with a zeta potential of - 20.2 ± 8.8 mV and bandgap of 4.6 ± 0.3 eV and exhibited a blue shift in UV-spectrum. Compared to the Bulk TiO₂, the TiO₂ (N15) exhibited higher cytotoxicity with a 24 h LC50 of 202.4 µg/ml with P. Caudatum. The mechanism was elucidated as the size and charge-dependent internalization of nanoparticles leading to abnormal physiological metabolism in oxidative stress, steatosis, and apoptosis because of their influential effect on the activity of metabolic proteins like SOD, GSH, MDA, and catalase. The study emphasized the controlled usage TiO₂ nanoparticles in daily activity with a concern for ecological and biomedical aspects.

Keywords: Ecotoxicity; Nanotoxicity; Oxidative stress; P. Caudatum; Steatosis; TiO(2) nanoparticles.

MeSH terms

Apoptosis
Nanoparticles* / chemistry
Nanoparticles* / toxicity
Oxidative Stress
Paramecium caudatum*
Titanium / toxicity

Substances

titanium dioxide
Titanium