1 Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK. Electronic address: moritz.kraemer@zoo.ox.ac.uk.
2 Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation, School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
3 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, DC, USA.
4 Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK.
5 The Roux Institute, Northeastern University, Portland, ME, USA.
6 Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
7 School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Pandemic Prevention Institute, The Rockefeller Foundation, New York, NY, USA.
8 The Roux Institute, Northeastern University, Portland, ME, USA; Pandemic Prevention Institute, The Rockefeller Foundation, New York, NY, USA; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA.
9 Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
10 Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
11 Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Electronic address: john.brownstein@childrens.harvard.edu.