Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Isolated From Rock Phosphate Mine and Agricultural Soil on the Improvement of Wheat Plant Growth

Zakaria Hazzoumi; Salah Eddine Azaroual; Najib El Mernissi; Youssef Zaroual; Robin Duponnois; Brahim Bouizgarne; Issam Meftah Kadmiri

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.881442

Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Isolated From Rock Phosphate Mine and Agricultural Soil on the Improvement of Wheat Plant Growth

Front Microbiol. 2022 May 25:13:881442. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.881442. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Zakaria Hazzoumi¹, Salah Eddine Azaroual^{1

2}, Najib El Mernissi¹, Youssef Zaroual³, Robin Duponnois⁴, Brahim Bouizgarne², Issam Meftah Kadmiri^{1

5}

Affiliations

¹ Green Biotechnology Laboratory, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research, Rabat, Morocco.
² Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Team of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Université Ibn Zohr (UIZ), Agadir, Morocco.
³ OCP/Situation Innovation, OCP Group, Jorf Lasfar Industrial Complex, El Jadida, Morocco.
⁴ Laboratory of Tropical Symbioses and Mediterranean, Environment and Resources Department, Institute of Research for Development, Marseille, France.
⁵ Plant and Soil Microbiome Sub-Program, Biodiversity and Plant Sciences, AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco.

Abstract

The improvement of plant growth and yield becomes crucial to feed the rising world population, especially in harsh conditions, drought, salt stress, lack of nutrition, and many other challenges. To cope with these stresses, plants developed an adaptation strategy (mycorrhiza), which is an efficient way to reinforce their growth and resistance. For this purpose, we studied the influence of mycorrhizal fungi isolated from a natural rock phosphate mine in the vicinity of some native plants and agricultural soil to assess their capacity in increasing the growth, nutritional profile improvement, and biochemical parameters in the inoculated wheat plants. Results showed a high diversity of isolated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spores in the agricultural soil, and less diversity in the natural phosphate samples, where three main genera were identified: glomus, gigaspora, and acaulospora. The chlorophyll content increased by 116% in the native inoculum (NM) flowed by Glomus sp2 from agricultural soil (98%) compared to non-mycorrhized plants, which significantly impact the growth and plant biomass (an increase of 90 and 73%, respectively). The same rate of change was shown on total phenolic compounds with an increase of 64% in the plants inoculated with Glomus sp2 in the presence of TSP, compared to the non-mycorrhized plants. In conclusion, the inoculation of wheat plants with AMF spores improved plants' growth via the increase in the density of the root system, which implies better assimilation of nutrients, especially in mycorrhizal plants with phosphorus fertilization regime, triple superphosphate (TSP) or natural rock phosphate (RP). This improvement of the physiological and biochemical parameters (chlorophyll contents and phenolic compound) of the treated plants reflected the positive impact of AMF, especially those originating from RP. AMF in phosphate mine could be an important source of inoculum to improve plant nutrient efficiency with the direct use of RP as fertilizer.

Keywords: AMF; gigaspora; glomus; phosphate uptake; plant growth; rock phosphate; triple superphosphate (TSP); wheat plant.