Sex and Gender Related Differences in Diabetic Kidney Disease

Vikas S Sridhar; Kevin Yau; Jamie L Benham; David J T Campbell; David Z I Cherney

doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2022.04.007

Sex and Gender Related Differences in Diabetic Kidney Disease

Semin Nephrol. 2022 Mar;42(2):170-184. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2022.04.007.

Authors

Vikas S Sridhar¹, Kevin Yau², Jamie L Benham³, David J T Campbell⁴, David Z I Cherney²

Affiliations

¹ Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta.
² Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta.
³ Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta.
⁴ Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta. Electronic address: david.cherney@uhn.ca.

PMID: 35718364
DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2022.04.007

Abstract

Diversity in sex and gender are important considerations in the pathogenesis, prognostication, research, and management of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Sex and gender differences in the disease risk, disease-specific mechanisms, and outcomes in DKD may be attributed to biological differences between males and females at the cellular and tissue level, inconsistencies in the diagnostic and assessment tools used in chronic kidney disease and DKD, as well societal differences in the way men, women, and gender-diverse individuals self-manage and interact with health care systems. This review outlines key considerations related to the impact of sex on DKD, specifically elaborating on how they contribute to observed differences in disease epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment strategies. We also highlight the effect of gender on DKD progression and care.

Publication types

Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / complications
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / epidemiology
Diabetic Nephropathies*
Female
Humans
Male
Sex Factors

Grants and funding

CIHR/Canada