Sex, Gender, and Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease

Tae Won Yi; Adeera Levin

doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2022.04.009

Sex, Gender, and Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease

Semin Nephrol. 2022 Mar;42(2):197-207. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2022.04.009.

Authors

Tae Won Yi¹, Adeera Levin²

Affiliations

¹ The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Clinician Investigator Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Division of Nephrology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Electronic address: alevin@providencehealth.bc.ca.
² Division of Nephrology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; BC Renal, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

PMID: 35718366
DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2022.04.009

Abstract

This review on sex, gender, and cardiovascular diseases in chronic kidney disease attempts to summarize what we know and what we do not know about the effects of sex and gender on cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease. We discuss and define the terminology of sex and gender, and the underlying physiology for differences observed. We explore how sex and gender affect specific cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, cardiovascular mortality, and pre-eclampsia. We conclude with a review of recent randomized controlled trials and highlight the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences in both sexes.

Keywords: cardiovascular disease; chronic kidney disease; gender; pre-eclampsia; sex.

Publication types

Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Cardiovascular Diseases* / epidemiology
Cardiovascular Diseases* / etiology
Coronary Artery Disease*
Female
Humans
Male
Pre-Eclampsia*
Pregnancy
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic* / complications