Changes in Insulin Sensitivity and Lipid Profile Markers Following Initial and Secondary Bouts of Multiple Eccentric Exercises

Trevor C Chen; Min-Jyue Huang; Leonardo C R Lima; Tai-Ying Chou; Hung-Hao Wang; Jui-Hung Tu; Shi-Che Lin; Kazunori Nosaka

doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.917317

Changes in Insulin Sensitivity and Lipid Profile Markers Following Initial and Secondary Bouts of Multiple Eccentric Exercises

Front Physiol. 2022 Jun 6:13:917317. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.917317. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Trevor C Chen¹, Min-Jyue Huang², Leonardo C R Lima³, Tai-Ying Chou^{1

4}, Hung-Hao Wang¹, Jui-Hung Tu⁵, Shi-Che Lin⁵, Kazunori Nosaka²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
² Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Cowan, WA, Australia.
³ School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
⁴ Department of Athletic Performance, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
⁵ Department of Physical Education, National Pingtung University, Pingtung City, Taiwan.

Abstract

An acute bout of eccentric exercise affects insulin sensitivity and lipid profile, but how the magnitude of muscle damage affects them is not clear. We compared changes in blood insulin sensitivity and lipid markers after the first (EC1) and second (EC2) eccentric exercise bouts. Fifteen sedentary young men performed arm, leg and trunk muscle eccentric exercises, and repeated them 2 weeks later. Fasting blood samples were taken before, 2 h and 1-5 days after each exercise bout to analyze plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, serum glucose (GLU), insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), triacylglycerols (TG), total (TC) and low- (LDLC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) concentrations as well as TC/HDLC ratio. Changes in these measures were compared between bouts and relationships to peak plasma CK activity were analyzed. Plasma CK activity increased (p < 0.05) after EC1 (peak: 101,668 ± 58,955 IU/L) but not after EC2. The magnitude of changes in GLU (peak after EC1: 26 ± 10% vs. EC2: 7 ± 6%), insulin (46 ± 27% vs. 15 ± 8%), HOMA (86 ± 48% vs. 24 ± 15%), TC (-20 ± 5% vs. -6 ± 4%), TG (-32 ± 11% vs. -6 ± 3%), LDHC (-47 ± 15% vs. -12 ± 9%), HDLC (35 ± 26% vs. 7 ± 4%), and TC/HDLC ratio (-139 ± 13% vs. -11 ± 7%) were significantly greater after EC1 than EC2. Peak plasma CK activity was significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with the peak changes in blood insulin sensitivity and lipid markers for the combined data of EC1 and EC2. These results suggest that the greater the magnitude of muscle damage, the greater the magnitude of changes in the insulin sensitivity to a negative direction and lipid markers to a positive direction.

Keywords: exercise-induced muscle damage; high-density lipoprotein cholesterols; homeostasis model assessment (HOMA); plasma creatine kinase activity; repeated bout effect; total cholesterols.