Kinetic analysis of multi-resolution hyperpolarized 13 C human brain MRI to study cerebral metabolism

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate multi-resolution hyperpolarized (HP) ¹³ C pyruvate MRI for measuring kinetic conversion rates in the human brain.

Methods: HP [1-¹³ C]pyruvate MRI was acquired in 6 subjects with a multi-resolution EPI sequence at 7.5 × 7.5 mm² resolution for pyruvate and 15 × 15 mm² resolution for lactate and bicarbonate. With the same lactate data, 2 quantitative maps of pyruvate-to-lactate conversion (k_PL ) maps were generated: 1 using 7.5 × 7.5 mm² resolution pyruvate data and the other using synthetic 15 × 15 mm² resolution pyruvate data to simulate a standard constant resolution acquisition. To examine local k_PL values, 4 voxels were manually selected in each study representing brain tissue near arteries, brain tissue near veins, white matter, and gray matter.

Results: High resolution 7.5 × 7.5 mm² pyruvate images increased the spatial delineation of brain structures and decreased partial volume effects compared to coarser resolution 15 × 15 mm² pyruvate images. Voxels near arteries, veins and in white matter exhibited higher calculated k_PL for multi-resolution images.

Conclusion: Acquiring HP ¹³ C pyruvate metabolic data with a multi-resolution approach minimized partial volume effects from vascular pyruvate signals while maintaining the SNR of downstream metabolites. Higher resolution pyruvate images for kinetic fitting resulted in increased kinetic rate values, particularly around the superior sagittal sinus and cerebral arteries, by reducing extracellular pyruvate signal contributions from adjacent blood vessels. This HP ¹³ C study showed that acquiring pyruvate with finer resolution improved the quantification of kinetic rates throughout the human brain.

Keywords: MRI; carbon-13; hyperpolarization; kinetics; pyruvate; spatial resolution.