Photoactivatable Materials for Versatile Single-Cell Patterning Based on the Photocaging of Cell-Anchoring Moieties through Lipid Self-Assembly

J Am Chem Soc. 2022 Jul 27;144(29):13154-13162. doi: 10.1021/jacs.2c02949. Epub 2022 Jun 29.

Abstract

Versatile methods for patterning multiple types of cells with single-cell resolution have become an increasingly important technology for cell analysis, cell-based device construction, and tissue engineering. Here, we present a photoactivatable material based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-lipids for patterning a variety of cells, regardless of their adhesion abilities. In this study, PEG-lipids bearing dual fatty acid chains were first shown to perfectly suppress cell anchoring on their coated substrate surfaces whereas those with single-chain lipids stably anchored cells through lipid-cell membrane interactions. From this finding, a PEG-lipid with one each of both normal and photocleavable fatty acid chains was synthesized as a material that could convert the chain number from two to one by exposure to light. On the photoconvertible PEG-lipid surface, cell anchoring was activated by light exposure. High-speed atomic force microscopy measurements revealed that this photocaging of the lipid-cell membrane interaction occurs because the hydrophobic dual chains self-assemble into nanoscale structures and cooperatively inhibit the anchoring. Light-induced dissociation of the lipid assembly achieved the light-guided fine patterning of multiple cells through local photoactivation of the anchoring interactions. Using this surface, human natural killer cells and leukemia cells could be positioned to interact one-by-one. The cytotoxic capacity of single immune cells was then monitored via microscopy, showing the proof-of-principle for applications in the high-throughput analysis of the heterogeneity in individual cell-cell communications. Thus, the substrate coated with our photoactivatable material can serve as a versatile platform for the accurate and rapid patterning of multiple-element cells for intercellular communication-based diagnostics.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Cell Membrane
  • Fatty Acids
  • Humans
  • Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
  • Lipids* / chemistry
  • Polyethylene Glycols* / chemistry

Substances

  • Fatty Acids
  • Lipids
  • Polyethylene Glycols