This study aimed to compare ovarian reserve function and outcomes after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) for young women with pelvic endometriosis with or without ovarian endometrioma. We explored the main factors influencing pregnancy outcomes in young patients with endometrioma. A total of 619 patients ≤38 years of age who underwent IVF-ET in our reproductive center between January 2011 and December 2015 were recruited. Among these patients, 398 had pelvic endometriosis with ovarian endometrioma and 221 had pelvic endometriosis without ovarian endometrioma. Patients underwent ovulation induction during IVF-ET. The general conditions and clinical outcomes of IVF-ET treatment were compared. Key factors affecting the success of IVF-ET treatment for endometriomas were analyzed. During IVF-ET treatment, the numbers of retrieved oocytes and 2-pronuclei (2PN) embryos in all age groups (P < .01), and the number of 2PN high-quality embryos in patients under 30 years of age was lower in the pelvic endometriosis with ovarian endometrioma group than in the pelvic endometriosis alone group (P < .05). Logistic regression analysis showed the number of antral follicles, basal follicle-stimulating hormone (bFSH) levels, number of oocytes, number of 2PN embryos, and number of 2PN high-quality embryos were significantly related to the successful outcome of IVF-ET. Among these, the number of 2PN high-quality embryos was the only independent predictive factor. Ovarian endometrioma significantly impairs ovarian reserve function and ultimately affects the therapeutic efficacy of IVF-ET. Obtaining more 2PN high-quality embryos was important for IVF-ET treatment of young patients with ovarian endometriomas.
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