1 Institute of Healthcare Improvement Studies, University of Cambridge, Glasgow, Scotland; Glasgow Royal Infirmary, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, Scotland. Electronic address: joanne.mcpeake@glasgow.ac.uk.
2 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI.
3 D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.