Tidal volume challenge to predict preload responsiveness in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome under prone position

Rui Shi; Soufia Ayed; Francesca Moretto; Danila Azzolina; Nello De Vita; Francesco Gavelli; Simone Carelli; Arthur Pavot; Christopher Lai; Xavier Monnet; Jean-Louis Teboul

doi:10.1186/s13054-022-04087-w

Tidal volume challenge to predict preload responsiveness in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome under prone position

Crit Care. 2022 Jul 18;26(1):219. doi: 10.1186/s13054-022-04087-w.

Affiliations

¹ Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR_S999, Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, 78 rue du Général Leclerc, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
² Department of Environmental and Preventive Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
³ Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR_S999, Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, 78 rue du Général Leclerc, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. jean-louis.teboul@aphp.fr.

Abstract

Background: Prone position is frequently used in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), especially during the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Our study investigated the ability of pulse pressure variation (PPV) and its changes during a tidal volume challenge (TVC) to assess preload responsiveness in ARDS patients under prone position.

Methods: This was a prospective study conducted in a 25-bed intensive care unit at a university hospital. We included patients with ARDS under prone position, ventilated with 6 mL/kg tidal volume and monitored by a transpulmonary thermodilution device. We measured PPV and its changes during a TVC (ΔPPV TVC_6-8) after increasing the tidal volume from 6 to 8 mL/kg for one minute. Changes in cardiac index (CI) during a Trendelenburg maneuver (ΔCI_TREND) and during end-expiratory occlusion (EEO) at 8 mL/kg tidal volume (ΔCI EEO₈) were recorded. Preload responsiveness was defined by both ΔCI_TREND ≥ 8% and ΔCI EEO₈ ≥ 5%. Preload unresponsiveness was defined by both ΔCI_TREND < 8% and ΔCI EEO₈ < 5%.

Results: Eighty-four sets of measurements were analyzed in 58 patients. Before prone positioning, the ratio of partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen was 104 ± 27 mmHg. At the inclusion time, patients were under prone position for 11 (2-14) hours. Norepinephrine was administered in 83% of cases with a dose of 0.25 (0.15-0.42) µg/kg/min. The positive end-expiratory pressure was 14 (11-16) cmH₂O. The driving pressure was 12 (10-17) cmH₂O, and the respiratory system compliance was 32 (22-40) mL/cmH₂O. Preload responsiveness was detected in 42 cases. An absolute change in PPV ≥ 3.5% during a TVC assessed preload responsiveness with an area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve of 0.94 ± 0.03 (sensitivity: 98%, specificity: 86%) better than that of baseline PPV (0.85 ± 0.05; p = 0.047). In the 56 cases where baseline PPV was inconclusive (≥ 4% and < 11%), ΔPPV TVC_6-8 ≥ 3.5% still enabled to reliably assess preload responsiveness (AUROC: 0.91 ± 0.05, sensitivity: 97%, specificity: 81%; p < 0.01 vs. baseline PPV).

Conclusion: In patients with ARDS under low tidal volume ventilation during prone position, the changes in PPV during a TVC can reliably assess preload responsiveness without the need for cardiac output measurements.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04457739). Registered 30 June 2020 -Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04457739.

Keywords: ARDS; End-expiratory occlusion test; Fluid responsiveness; Pulse pressure variation.

Publication types

Clinical Study

MeSH terms

COVID-19 / epidemiology
Humans
Pandemics
Prone Position* / physiology
Prospective Studies
Respiration, Artificial* / methods
Respiratory Distress Syndrome* / physiopathology
Respiratory Distress Syndrome* / therapy
Tidal Volume* / physiology
Treatment Outcome

Associated data

ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT04457739