Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Chinese version of self-efficacy and attitudes for providing Mouth Care scale

Lan Chen; Liyan Gu; Xianchen Li; Wenyao Chen; Lingjuan Zhang

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0271800

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Chinese version of self-efficacy and attitudes for providing Mouth Care scale

PLoS One. 2022 Jul 22;17(7):e0271800. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271800. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Lan Chen^{1

2}, Liyan Gu³, Xianchen Li⁴, Wenyao Chen², Lingjuan Zhang^{2

5}

Affiliations

¹ Nursing Department, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
² Education and Scientific Research Department of Clinical Nursing, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
³ Department of Neurology, NO. 905 Hospital of PLA Navy, Shanghai, China.
⁴ Clinical Research Center, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
⁵ Shanghai Quality Control Center of Geriatric Care, Shanghai, China.

Abstract

Background: In recent years, oral care for older people has received extensive attention in long-term care facilities. The Self-Efficacy for Providing Mouth Care (SE-PMC) and Attitudes for Providing Mouth Care (A-PMC) scale evaluated the self-efficacy and attitude of nursing staff while providing oral care. However, whether this scale is valid and reliable for Chinese nursing staff in China remains unverified. This study aims to translate the English version of SE-PMC and A-PMC into Chinese and determine their reliability and validity.

Methods: After obtaining the author's consent, the procedure for a double-back translation and cross-cultural adaptation was conducted to develop the Chinese version of SE-PMC and A-PMC. The validity and reliability of the Chinese version of SE-PMC and A-PMC were evaluated in a cross-sectional observational study with 852 nurses from 42 Geriatric Care Facilities (GCFs). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (n = 427) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (n = 425) were conducted to test the construct validity and quality of the factor structures. We applied the item discrimination test and homogeneity test for item analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and split-half coefficient were adopted to evaluate internal consistency.

Results: The Chinese version of SE-PMC (11 items, 3 factors) and A-PMC (11 items, 2 factors) included 22 items, reflecting adequate construct validity and reliability. In addition, test-retest reliability was 0.809 for SE-PMC and 0.811 for A-PMC, evincing good stability. The Cronbach's α coefficient of SE-PMC was 0.831, with each factor ranging from 0.793~0.906. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the A-PMC was 0.768, with each factor ranging from 0.814~0.824. Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) of SE-PMC and A-PMC ranged from 0.84 ~1.00 and 0.82~1.00, respectively.

Conclusion: The Chinese version of SE-PMC and A-PMC was validated as a reliable assessment tool to evaluate the self-efficacy and attitude of nursing staff in GCFs for providing oral care in China.

Publication types

Observational Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Aged
Attitude
China
Cross-Cultural Comparison*
Cross-Sectional Studies
Humans
Mouth
Psychometrics / methods
Reproducibility of Results
Self Efficacy*
Surveys and Questionnaires

Grants and funding

This study was funded by a grant from the Standardization Pilot Program of Shanghai Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau (S18-04-017) and Science and Technology Research Project of Health and Health Committee of Songjiang District (Oral health promotion strategies for the elderly population in long-term care institutions in Songjiang District-316).