Phase II study of intrathecal administration of trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer with leptomeningeal metastasis

Abstract

Background: Patients with HER2-positive breast cancer (HER2 + BC) develop central nervous system metastases twice as often as patients with luminal HER2-negative breast cancer. Leptomeningeal progression results in a drastically altered prognosis with limited therapeutic options. This phase II study was conducted to assess the efficacy of intrathecal (IT) trastuzumab in HER2 + BC patients with leptomeningeal metastasis (LM), based on a phase I dose-escalation study that had determined the recommended weekly dose of 150 mg for phase II.

Methods: Eligible patients received weekly administrations of 150 mg of IT trastuzumab. The primary endpoint was clinical neurologic progression-free survival (LM-related-PFS) after 8 weeks. Overall survival (OS), toxicities, and quality of life (QoL) were secondary endpoints.

Results: Among the 19 enrolled patients, 16 (84%) had concomitant brain metastases, 15 of them had received prior radiotherapy to the brain. All patients had received at least one line of systemic anti-HER2 therapy. After 8 weeks, 14 patients (74%) were free of neurological progression. The median LM-related-PFS was 5.9 months and the median OS was 7.9 months. According to the QLQ-C30 and BN20 scales, the global health-related QoL status seemed preserved and no toxicity above grade 3 was observed.

Conclusions: Conducting studies on patients with LM poses significant challenges and ethical dilemmas inherent to this population. Despite some limits, this phase II study's findings in terms of clinical neurologic response and QoL's control confirms weekly administration of 150 mg of IT trastuzumab as a valuable option for HER + BC patients with LM and support the interest for further investigations.

Keywords: HER2-positive breast cancer; intrathecal treatment; leptomeningeal carcinomatosis; trastuzumab.