Whole genome sequencing reveals antimicrobial resistance determinants (AMR genes) of Salmonella enterica recovered from raw chicken and ready-to-eat leaves imported into England between 2014 and 2019

J Appl Microbiol. 2022 Oct;133(4):2569-2582. doi: 10.1111/jam.15728. Epub 2022 Aug 5.

Abstract

Aims: To compare the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in a genetically diverse group of Salmonella enterica recovered from foods imported into England between 2014 and 2018.

Methods and results: Whole genome sequence was used to detect AMR genes or chromosomal mutations associated with AMR in Salmonella recovered from edible leaves imported from Asia (n = 115) as compared to Salmonella (n = 231) isolated from raw chicken, 74% originated from South America. Among isolates from edible leaves, three (3%) showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent, two (2%) of which were multidrug resistant (MDR, resistance to three or more antimicrobial classes). Resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent was detected in 214 (93%) in the chicken isolates, with 164 (71%) showing MDR. Genetic diversity and AMR profiles were highly heterogeneous across the different serovars.

Conclusions: Resistance was rare among the Salmonella isolates from edible leaves but common (including MDR) among those from raw chicken.

Significance and impact of the study: Surveillance of AMR in imported foods is essential for monitoring the risk of transmission of resistance from the food chain to humans and provides added public health value to pre-existing controls of the food chain.

Keywords: Salmonella; chromosomal mutations and antimicrobial resistance genes; imported food; monitoring; whole genome sequencing.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Chickens
  • Drug Resistance, Bacterial / genetics
  • Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / genetics
  • Humans
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Plant Leaves
  • Salmonella / genetics
  • Salmonella enterica*
  • Whole Genome Sequencing / methods

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents