Molecular networking-based lipid profiling and multi-omics approaches reveal new contributions of functional vanilloids to gut microbiota and lipometabolism changes

Hiroyuki Hattori; Akihiro Moriyama; Tomoki Ohno; Takahiro Shibata; Hitoshi Iwahashi; Tohru Mitsunaga

doi:10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100123

Molecular networking-based lipid profiling and multi-omics approaches reveal new contributions of functional vanilloids to gut microbiota and lipometabolism changes

Food Chem (Oxf). 2022 Jul 18:5:100123. doi: 10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100123. eCollection 2022 Dec 30.

Authors

Hiroyuki Hattori^{1

2}, Akihiro Moriyama³, Tomoki Ohno⁴, Takahiro Shibata², Hitoshi Iwahashi⁴, Tohru Mitsunaga⁴

Affiliations

¹ Asian Satellite Campuses Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
² Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
³ Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan.
⁴ Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.

Abstract

Obesity is now recognized as an epidemic, requiring rapid intervention. We previously demonstrated that vanilloids from the African spice known as Grains of Paradise (GOP) exhibit strong anti-obesity effects. Here, the molecular mechanism behind the obesity prevention property of the GOP extract was investigated by employing molecular networking-based lipid profiling and 16S rRNA sequencing. Administration of either GOP extract or two of its components, 6-paradol and 6-gingerol, reversed the unbalanced gut microbiota composition induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) with a decrease in Firmicutes / Bacteroidetes ratio and increase in genera Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia. Moreover, GOP extract ameliorated abnormal fatty acid metabolism in gut bacteria. Furthermore, lipid molecular networking revealed differences in lipid composition, such as triglycerides and bile acids, in the feces. These results suggest that 6-paradol and 6-gingerol can restore an unhealthy gut environment and prevent lipid absorption, a possible consequence of the reconstruction of the gut microbiota.

Keywords: 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing; Anti-obesity; Grains of paradise; Gut microbiota; Lipid molecular networking; Vanilloid.