1 Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas.
2 Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
3 Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Center for Innovation to Implementation, Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.
4 Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
5 Surgical and Perioperative Care, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia.