Anxiety in adults with allergic rhinitis during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A Canadian perspective

Abstract

Background: Despite the symptom overlap between allergic rhinitis (AR) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), pandemic-time anxiety in people with AR remains an area of limited study.

Objective: To assess the AR-anxiety relationship in the unique context of the COVID-19 pandemic from a Canadian perspective.

Methods: The COVID-19 Associated Anxiety in patients with Asthma and AR Experiencing Symptoms survey was distributed on the "Qualtrics XM" platform, with 835 adult participants responding to the first iteration from April to August 2020. Anxiety was assessed on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7 (GAD-7), and AR burden of disease was assessed on the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ). All analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 27.

Results: High levels of anxiety were found, with 28.0% of the AR group and 27.5% of the control group meeting the diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder. After controlling for covariates, AR status had no significant predictive effect on GAD-7 in a hierarchal multiple regression model (ΔR² = .00, P = .69). In the AR subgroup, there were significant positive correlations between anxiety and burden of disease for the total RQLQ score and all 7 domain scores (P < .001 for all), with the non-nose or eye symptom domain having the strongest correlation (r = .63). After controlling for covariates, total RQLQ score had a predictive effect on GAD-7 in a hierarchal multiple regression model (ΔR² = .049, P < .001).

Conclusion: High levels of anxiety exist during the COVID-19 pandemic regardless of AR status, indicating the importance of early anxiety screening in all patients. This study also highlights the importance of non-nose or eye symptoms in AR management.