Has the cancer-related death trend been changing in Turkey? An evaluation of the period between 2009 and 2019

Abstract

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the trend of cancer-related death rates between 2009 and 2019 in Turkey for all cancers combined and the five cancer types with the highest mortality: lung, stomach, pancreas, breast, and colon cancers.

Methods: Cancer mortality data were obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) and standardized by age using the World Health Organization (WHO) standard population ratios. The change in cancer-related mortality over the years was evaluated using Joinpoint Regression Analysis (JRA).

Results: Total cancer-related deaths increased by 2.2% annually between 2009 and 2014 and decreased by 2.9% annually between 2014 and 2019 (p < 0.05). Among men; lung cancer-related deaths increased by 2.4% annually between 2009 and 2014 and decreased by 3.4% annually between 2014 and 2019 (p < 0.05), stomach cancer-related deaths decreased by 5.1% annually between 2014 and 2019 (p < 0.05), colon cancer-related deaths increased by 5.8% annually between 2009 and 2015 and decreased by 3.3% annually between 2015 and 2019 (p < 0.05), pancreatic cancer-related deaths increased annually by 5.6% in 2009-2013 (p < 0.05). Among women; lung cancer-related deaths increased by 2.5% annually between 2009 and 2016 (p < 0.05), stomach cancer-related deaths increased annually by 2.3% between 2009 and 2014 and decreased annually by 4.5% between 2014 and 2019 (p < 0.05), colon cancer-related deaths increased by 2.5% annually between 2009 and 2017 (p < 0.05), pancreatic cancer-related deaths increased by 7.4% annually between 2009 and 2013 (p < 0.05) and breast cancer-related deaths increased by 2.2% annually between 2009 and 2019 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Mortality data in Turkey are collected only by TURKSTAT, which raises concern regarding the incompletion of the data. While this might lead to underestimation, the trend shows that there has been a decrease in total cancer-related deaths in Turkey. Pancreatic cancer, on the other hand, gains a higher proportion in cancer-related deaths in Turkey as in the world. Increasing deaths from lung and breast cancer in women remind of the importance of tobacco control interventions and cancer screening programs.

Keywords: Cancer; Joinpoint regression analysis; Malignant neoplasms; Mortality; Trend; Turkey.