A kind of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanocomposite with different crystalline phases was grown on the surface of H-mordenite zeolite (HMOR) by a chemical liquid-phase co-precipitation method. In this work, 2 wt% CdS@HMOR photocatalytic material with the coexistence phase (hexagonal phase and cubic phase) of cadmium sulfide was grown on the surface of HMOR by controlling the reaction temperature and ammonia concentration. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) was used as an index to detect the photocatalytic performance of materials. The results indicated that the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the system with HMOR was significantly improved in comparison to that without HMOR (CdS, 40.34%, 0.2578 h-1). It was found that 2 wt% CdS@HMOR had the best photocatalytic activity. The degradation rate of MB was 84.15% in 2 h, and the degradation rate constant was 0.8884 h-1. When 1.5 ml H2O2 was introduced into the system, the degradation rate of MB was increased to 98.98%, and the degradation rate constant was 1.9976 h-1. SEM, HRTEM, PL, EIS and photocurrent showed that the cubic and hexagonal phases of CdS were in contact with each other on the HMOR surface, forming a good electron transport. By XRD, XPS and SEM tests, the results of materials after four cycles of reactions showed that the structure of the 2 wt% CdS@HMOR was still stable. Therefore, HMOR may provide a good support for CdS, and the synergistic effect between them is beneficial for the occurrence of photocatalytic reactions. HMOR can act as an electron receptor to inhibit the recombination of carriers. The homo-junction between different phases of CdS on the surface of HMOR is beneficial to the separation of photo-induced carriers. These results indicate that the construction of phase heterojunctions on zeolites and the synergism among them are a method for improving the photocatalytic activity.