White matter integrity in delinquent emerging adults and non-delinquent controls, and its relationship with aggression, psychopathic traits, and cannabis use

Jochem M Jansen; Josjan Zijlmans; Arne Popma; Reshmi Marhe

doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.895798

White matter integrity in delinquent emerging adults and non-delinquent controls, and its relationship with aggression, psychopathic traits, and cannabis use

Front Behav Neurosci. 2022 Jul 28:16:895798. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.895798. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Jochem M Jansen¹, Josjan Zijlmans², Arne Popma², Reshmi Marhe³

Affiliations

¹ Faculty of Law, Institute for Criminal Law and Criminology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.
² Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
³ Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

Abstract

Background: Atypical white matter integrity may be one of the biological factors related to delinquency. In adults, decreased white matter integrity has been related to antisocial behavior, but findings from research in adolescent and young adult populations are either mixed or lacking. Here we investigated this association within a naturalistic sample of delinquent young adults (age 18-27).

Methods: In a sample of 95 young adult, delinquent men and 22 age and gender matched controls, we assessed white matter integrity through fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity measures. We compared white matter integrity between the groups, and within the delinquent group assessed the association between white matter integrity and aggression, psychopathic traits, and cannabis use.

Results: We found no differences in fractional anisotropy or mean diffusivity between delinquent young adults and non-delinquent controls. Additionally, within the group of delinquent young adults, we found no associations between white matter integrity and aggression, psychopathic traits, or cannabis use.

Conclusion: Our null findings suggest that white matter integrity differences may be unrelated to antisocial behavior in emerging adults, and/or that white matter differences between delinquent populations and controls may only arise later in life.

Keywords: aggression; delinquency; diffusion tensor imaging (DTI); psychopathy; substance use.