Effects of Yogic Interventions on Patients Diagnosed With Cardiac Diseases. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sheetal Kalra; Mohammad Miraj; Puneeta Ajmera; Riyaz Ahamad Shaik; Mohamed K Seyam; Ghada M Shawky; Sharifa M Alasiry; Elsayed H Mohamed; Hatim M Alasiri; Msaad Alzhrani; Ahmad Alanazi; Mazen Alqahtani; Abdul Raheem Shaikh; Mohammad Lafi Al-Otaibi; Shakir Saleem; Sajjan Pal; Vineet Jain; Fuzail Ahmad

doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.942740

Effects of Yogic Interventions on Patients Diagnosed With Cardiac Diseases. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Aug 4:9:942740. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.942740. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Sheetal Kalra¹, Mohammad Miraj², Puneeta Ajmera³, Riyaz Ahamad Shaik⁴, Mohamed K Seyam², Ghada M Shawky², Sharifa M Alasiry⁵, Elsayed H Mohamed⁶, Hatim M Alasiri⁷, Msaad Alzhrani², Ahmad Alanazi², Mazen Alqahtani^{2

8}, Abdul Raheem Shaikh², Mohammad Lafi Al-Otaibi⁹, Shakir Saleem¹⁰, Sajjan Pal¹¹, Vineet Jain¹², Fuzail Ahmad²

Affiliations

¹ School of Physiotherapy, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India.
² Department of Physiotherapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.
³ School of Allied Health Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India.
⁴ Department of Community Medicine/Public Health, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Department of Physical Therapy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Internal Medicine, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Maarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁰ Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
¹¹ Faculty of Physiotherapy, SGT University, Gurugram, India.
¹² Mewat Engineering College, Nuh, India.

Abstract

Objective: Presently, evidence-based research studies on the efficacy of complimentary therapies like yoga for patients with different cardiac diseases are limited and conflicting. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on yogic interventions compared with usual care or non-pharmacological treatment in patients diagnosed with cardiac diseases.

Methods: We conducted an electronic search of literature published from 2006 to May 2021 through five databases. PRISMA statement was used to develop and report a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. Sixteen RCTs were included in the systematic review and 11 RCTs were used for meta-analysis. Outcome measures were blood pressure, lipid profile, and psychosocial measures. The Cochrane collaboration tool was used to assess bias risk.

Results: The results show that yogic interventions resulted in significant reduction in systolic (d = 046; 95% CI.08-0.84; I² = 81.86%) and diastolic blood pressures (d = 0.56; 95% CI.13-0.99, I² = 84.84%). A medium statistically significant increase in HDL (d =0.67; 95% CI 0 to 1.33; I² 79.7%) and a low but significant effect on LDL (d = 0.23; 95% CI -0.08-0.54; I² 32.61%), total cholesterol (d =0.28; 95% CI -0.14-0.7; I² 63.72%), and triglycerides (d = 0.43; 95% CI -0.1-0.97; I² 76.64%) were observed. Pooled effect sizes showed a medium to low statistically significant effect on psychosocial indicators viz., QoL, stress, anxiety, and depression.

Conclusion: The meta-analysis found strong evidence of effectiveness of yogic interventions on lipid profile, blood pressure, and psychosocial outcomes in patients with diagnosed cardiac diseases.

Keywords: cardiac diseases; cardiovascular outcomes; meta-analysis; psychosocial outcomes; review; yoga.

Publication types

Systematic Review