Analysis of the risk factors for osteoporosis and its prevalence after gastrectomy for gastric cancer in older patients: a prospective study

Abstract

Purpose: Osteoporosis leads to fragility fractures and is a major public health problem. We conducted this study to analyze the prevalence of and risk factors for osteoporosis after gastrectomy in older patients.

Methods: This multicenter prospective trial comprised older patients without recurrence of gastric cancer for > 3 years after curative surgery. The prevalence of osteoporosis was identified using the World Health Organization bone mineral density (BMD)-based definition. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for osteoporosis.

Results: BMD values were measured in 267 of the 271 enrolled patients. The prevalence of osteoporosis was 38.2% (men 24.0%; women 60%). Analysis using FRAX^® revealed that 51.7% of patients were candidates for pharmacologic therapy. Female sex (odds ratio [OR] 5.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.61-10.2), age (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00-1.12), low body mass index (< 19.0 kg/m²) after gastrectomy (OR 5.31, 95% CI 2.79-10.13), and history of fracture (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.06-4.02) were independently associated with osteoporosis.

Conclusions: The prevalence of osteoporosis in older patients after gastrectomy was 38.2%. Moreover, female sex, age, low body mass index after gastrectomy, and a history of fracture were risk factors significantly associated with osteoporosis. Thus, older patients undergoing gastrectomy should have proactive surveillance and receive treatment for osteoporosis.

Keywords: Gastrectomy; Gastric cancer; Osteoporosis.