Ultrasound-assisted approaches, as an important trend in material synthesis, have emerged for designing and creating nano-/micro-structures. This review simply presents the basic principles of ultrasound irradiation including acoustic cavitation, sonochemical effects, physical and/or mechanical effects, and on the basis of the latest progress, it newly summarizes sonochemical catalysis for the fabrication of nano-structured or micro-structured inorganic materials such as metals, alloys, metal compounds, non-metal materials, and inorganic composites, where the theories or mechanisms of catalytic synthetic routes, and the morphologies, structures, sizes, properties and applications of products are described in detail. In the review, a few technological potentials and probable challenges of sonochemical catalysis are also highlighted for the future advance of synthesis methods. Therefore, sonochemical catalysis or ultrasound-assisted synthesis will serve as a unique strategy to reveal its great significance in material fabrication.
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