Clinical and Mechanistic Review of Amiodarone-Associated Optic Neuropathy

Reece Mitchell; Joseph Chacko

doi:10.3390/biom12091298

Clinical and Mechanistic Review of Amiodarone-Associated Optic Neuropathy

Biomolecules. 2022 Sep 14;12(9):1298. doi: 10.3390/biom12091298.

Authors

Reece Mitchell¹, Joseph Chacko²

Affiliations

¹ College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
² Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.

Abstract

Amiodarone-associated optic neuropathy (AAON) is a complex clinical diagnosis, requiring distinction from non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) due to a shared at-risk patient population. Diagnosis of AAON is complicated by a varied clinical presentation and incomplete pathophysiologic mechanisms. This article reviews pertinent literature for describing and clinically delineating AAON from NAION, as well as newly reported protective mechanisms of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and PI3K/Akt against amiodarone-induced oxidative and apoptotic injury in retinal ganglion and pigment epithelial cells. These studies offer a basis for exploring mechanisms of amiodarone toxicity in the optic nerve.

Keywords: amiodarone; non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy; optic neuropathy.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Amiodarone* / adverse effects
Humans
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
Optic Nerve
Optic Nerve Diseases* / chemically induced
Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic* / diagnosis
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt

Substances

Amiodarone
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt