Scoping Review of National Antimicrobial Stewardship Activities in Eight African Countries and Adaptable Recommendations

Nduta Kamere; Sandra Tafadzwa Garwe; Oluwatosin Olugbenga Akinwotu; Chloe Tuck; Eva M Krockow; Sara Yadav; Agbaje Ganiyu Olawale; Ayobami Hassan Diyaolu; Derick Munkombwe; Eric Muringu; Eva Prosper Muro; Felix Kaminyoghe; Hameedat Taiye Ayotunde; Love Omoniyei; Mashood Oluku Lawal; Shuwary Hughric Adekule Barlatt; Tumaini J Makole; Winnie Nambatya; Yvonne Esseku; Victoria Rutter; Diane Ashiru-Oredope

doi:10.3390/antibiotics11091149

Scoping Review of National Antimicrobial Stewardship Activities in Eight African Countries and Adaptable Recommendations

Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Aug 25;11(9):1149. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11091149.

Authors

Nduta Kamere¹, Sandra Tafadzwa Garwe¹, Oluwatosin Olugbenga Akinwotu¹, Chloe Tuck¹, Eva M Krockow², Sara Yadav¹, Agbaje Ganiyu Olawale¹, Ayobami Hassan Diyaolu¹, Derick Munkombwe^{1

3}, Eric Muringu^{1

4}, Eva Prosper Muro^{1

5}, Felix Kaminyoghe^{1

6}, Hameedat Taiye Ayotunde¹, Love Omoniyei¹, Mashood Oluku Lawal^{1

7}, Shuwary Hughric Adekule Barlatt^{1

8}, Tumaini J Makole¹, Winnie Nambatya^{1

9}, Yvonne Esseku^{1

10}, Victoria Rutter¹, Diane Ashiru-Oredope¹

Affiliations

¹ Commonwealth Partnerships Programme on Antimicrobial Stewardship, Commonwealth Pharmacists Association, London E1W 1AW, UK.
² Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
³ Pharmacy Department, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia.
⁴ Projects Department, Pharmaceutical Society of Kenya, Nairobi P.O. Box 44290-00100, Kenya.
⁵ Department of Pharmacology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University, Kilimanjaro P.O. Box 2240, Tanzania.
⁶ Pharmaceutical Society of Malawi, Lilongwe P.O. Box 2240, Malawi.
⁷ Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria, Lagos P.O. Box 531, Nigeria.
⁸ Drug Information Services & Quality Assurance Unit, Directorate of Pharmaceutical Services, Freetown P.O. Box 232, Sierra Leone.
⁹ Pharmacy Department, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda.
¹⁰ Ghana College of Pharmacists, Accra P.O. Box CT 10740, Ghana.

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem threatening safe, effective healthcare delivery in all countries and settings. The ability of microorganisms to become resistant to the effects of antimicrobials is an inevitable evolutionary process. The misuse and overuse of antimicrobial agents have increased the importance of a global focus on antimicrobial stewardship (AMS). This review provides insight into the current AMS landscape and identifies contemporary actors and initiatives related to AMS projects in eight African countries (Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia), which form a network of countries participating in the Commonwealth Partnerships for Antimicrobial Stewardship (CwPAMS) programme. We focus on common themes across the eight countries, including the current status of AMR, infection prevention and control, AMR implementation strategies, AMS, antimicrobial surveillance, antimicrobial use, antimicrobial consumption surveillance, a one health approach, digital health, pre-service and in-service AMR and AMS training, access to and supply of medicines, and the impact of COVID-19. Recommendations suitable for adaptation are presented, including the development of a national AMS strategy and incorporation of AMS in pharmacists' and other healthcare professionals' curricula for pre-service and in-service training.

Keywords: CwPAMS; One Health; antibiotic resistance; national action plans; pharmacy.

Publication types

Review

Grants and funding

This project and partnership was part of the Commonwealth Partnerships for Antimicrobial Stewardship (CwPAMS) managed by the Tropical Health and Education Trust (THET) and Commonwealth Pharmacists Association (CPA). CwPAMS is a global health partnership programme funded by the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) using UK aid funding, managed by the Fleming Fund. The Fleming Fund is a GBP 265 million UK aid investment to tackle AMR by supporting low- and middle-income countries to generate, use, and share data on AMR and is managed by the UK Department of Health and Social Care. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the Department of Health and Social Care, the UK National Health Service, the Tropical Health and Education Trust, or The Commonwealth Pharmacists Association.