Background: Delayed intracranial hemorrhage (DICH), a potential complication of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts, has been associated with high mortality, but its risk factors are still unclear.
Aim: To investigate the risk factors of DICH after VP shunts.
Methods: We compared the demographic and clinical characteristics of DICH and non-DICH adult patients with VP shunts between January 2016 and December 2020.
Results: The 159 adult VP shunt patients were divided into 2 groups according to the development of DICH: the DICH group (n = 26) and the non-DICH group (n = 133). No statistically significant difference was found in age, sex, laboratory examination characteristics or preoperative modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score between the DICH and non-DICH groups (P > 0.05); however, a history of an external ventricular drain (EVD) [P = 0.045; odds ratio (OR): 2.814; 95%CI: 1.024-7.730] and postoperative brain edema around the catheter (P < 0.01; OR: 8.397; 95%CI: 3.043-23.171) were associated with a high risk of DICH. A comparison of preoperative mRS scores between the DICH group and the non-DICH group showed no significant difference (P = 0.553), while a significant difference was found in the postoperative mRS scores at the 3-mo follow-up visit (P = 0.024).
Conclusion: A history of EVD and postoperative brain edema around the catheter are independent risk factors for DICH in VP shunt patients. DICH patients with a high mRS score are vulnerable to poor clinical outcomes.
Keywords: Delayed intracranial hemorrhage; Hydrocephalus; Retrospective study; Risk factor; Ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.