Effect of traditional Chinese exercise combined with massage on pain and disability in patients with lumbar disc herniation: A multi-center, randomized, controlled, assessor-blinded clinical trial

Xin Zhou; Lingjun Kong; Jun Ren; Pengfei Song; Zhiwei Wu; Tianxiang He; Zhizhen Lv; Shuaipan Zhang; Wuquan Sun; Jiafu Zhang; Junhao Cai; Qingguang Zhu; Min Fang

doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.952346

Effect of traditional Chinese exercise combined with massage on pain and disability in patients with lumbar disc herniation: A multi-center, randomized, controlled, assessor-blinded clinical trial

Front Neurol. 2022 Sep 6:13:952346. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.952346. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Xin Zhou^{1

2}, Lingjun Kong^{1

2}, Jun Ren¹, Pengfei Song¹, Zhiwei Wu^{1

2}, Tianxiang He¹, Zhizhen Lv³, Shuaipan Zhang⁴, Wuquan Sun¹, Jiafu Zhang⁵, Junhao Cai⁶, Qingguang Zhu^{1

2}, Min Fang^{1

2

7}

Affiliations

¹ Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
² Institute of Tuina, Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
³ The Third Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang, China.
⁴ Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
⁵ Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
⁶ Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China.
⁷ Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Abstract

Background: Herniation of the nucleus pulposus caused by disc degeneration and other reasons can cause low back pain and disability. In China, traditional Chinese exercises (TCEs) and traditional Chinese massage (TCM) are widely used to improve symptoms of pain and disability in patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH). The safety and efficacy of combination therapy have not been studied.

Objectives: To assess the effect of traditional Chinese exercise combined with massage vs. traditional Chinese massage alone on pain, disability, lumbar mobility and gait performance in patients with LDH.

Methods: Multi-center, randomized clinical trial conducted at 4 hospitals in China and enrolling 272 patients with LDH. Participants were randomly assigned to TCEs plus TCM group or TCM alone group. The combined therapy group received 18 Tai Chi training sessions (30-min sessions 3 times a week) and regular TCM treatments over 6 weeks. The control group received TCM therapy alone and was instructed to maintain their usual daily physical activity. Outcome variables measured included Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Short Form of McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), lumbar spine range of motion (ROM) and gait performance.

Results: Among the 272 randomized participants, 259 completed the study. The mean VAS score was 51.77 mm at baseline in the TCEs plus TCM group, and 50.93 mm for the TCM alone group. The reduction in the VAS score at week 6 was greater in the TC group than in the TCM group with a mean difference of 4.05 (95% CI, 2.15-5.95; P < 0.001), and the ODI score with between-group differences of 3.57 points (95% CI, 2.84-4.30 points; P < 0.001). Similar significantly different results were observed in SF-MPQ, walking speed, cadence, and lumbar ROM. No serious adverse events were reported throughout the study period.

Conclusion: Compared with TCM alone, TCEs combined with TCM treatment performed better in reducing pain and improving disability. The combination therapy could be considered a valuable treatment option for LDH patients, with potential therapeutic utility for middle-aged and elderly patients with LDH.

Keywords: disability; gait performance; low back pain; lumbar disc herniation; lumbar mobility; traditional Chinese exercise; traditional Chinese massage.